• br Introduction Most organisms require glucose as

  2022-05-23

  

  Introduction Most organisms require glucose as a key metabolite, and it is critical that mammalian cells regulate glucose levels properly to maintain bioenergetic homeostasis. The major transporters responsible for the uptake of glucose from systemic circulation into cells are the GLUTs, members

• br The hippocampus and spatial memory Numerous lines of evid

  2022-05-23

  

  The hippocampus and spatial memory Numerous lines of evidence have implicated the rodent hippocampus in spatial forms of learning and memory (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978). For example, hippocampal lesions produce robust and reliable deficits on spatial memory tasks such as the Morris watermaze in bot

• The expression of GLUT receptors

  2022-05-23

  

  The expression of GLUT receptors throughout the body could be considered a potential source for off-target effects even for engineered glucose-conjugated nanomedicines, as there are at least 12 types of GLUT transporters in the body, including GLUT1 in erythrocytes and the blood-brain barrier, as we

• br In vivo actions of GLP GLP R

  2022-05-23

  

  In vivo actions of GLP-1/GLP-1R agonists on the vascular endothelium Using contrast-enhanced ultrasound, male Sprague Dawley rats receiving an intravenous infusion of native GLP-1 (30 pmol/kg/min) for 2 h demonstrated significant improvements in both microvascular blood volume and microvascular b

• Ghrelin contains an n octanoylation at its Ser residue Kojim

  2022-05-23

  

  Ghrelin contains an n-octanoylation at its Ser3 residue (Kojima et al., 1999). While des-acyl ghrelin is found in high concentrations in the blood, only the lipidated form is active at GHSR (Bednarek et al., 2000). We previously showed that ghrelin interacts with the membrane via its lipid modificat

• br Activators Many compounds are known to

  2022-05-23

  

  Activators Many compounds are known to influence the activity of Ca2+-activated K+ channels, and since hIK1 was cloned more insight has been gained on compounds that have the capacity to increase channel activity. Activation by divalent metal cations has been investigated, with Ca2+, Pb2+, Cd2+,

• A single ICV injection of

  2022-05-23

  

  A single ICV injection of GALP stimulated food intake in goldfish at 1h post-administration. This result is similar to that observed in rats, where ICV injection of GALP exerted an acute orexigenic effect [14], [15], [16]. Simultaneously, our findings counter the results found in mice, where central

• A comparison of our results with literature data

  2022-05-23

  

  A comparison of our results with literature data on the action of pregnane and androstane steroids on the functional activity of NMDAR, GABAAR and GlyR enables us to draw the following conclusions. First, androstane steroids (with no substituents at C-17) at a concentration up to 50 μM do not affect

• l-ascorbic acid receptor At present many methods have been a

  2022-05-23

  

  At present, many methods have been applied for multiple detection. For example, l-ascorbic acid receptor [[9], [10], [11]] is frequently used to detect multiple targets because of its exquisite sensitivity and specificity, but it is difficult to design experiments to test short-length oligonucleoti

• The present data suggest that the decrease

  2022-05-23

  

  The present data suggest that the decrease of liver BAs was mainly due to the decrease of hepatic BAs synthesis because the BA synthetic enzymes Cyp7a1, Cyp7b1 and Cyp8b1 were markedly reduced. The increase may also be due to the increase of hepatic BAs efflux, because the liver BA efflux transporte

• tubulin br Ethics approval br Availability of

  2022-05-23

  

  Ethics approval Availability of data and materials Consent for publication Competing interests Authors contributions Introduction Glucose supply to tissues is maintained through a complex regulatory network mostly driven by the pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon which control

• br Other strategies for ferroptosis In addition to

  2022-05-23

  

  Other strategies for ferroptosis In addition to ROS-generating and GPX4 inactivating nanomaterials, small molecules and genetic manipulation targeting key factors in the ferroptosis pathway have also been tested for their anticancer effects [39,47,48]. Among a myriad of proteins involved in ferro

• Before discovery of their histone demethylase function the J

  2022-05-23

  

  Before discovery of their histone demethylase function, the JARID1 isoforms were identified across diverse fields including stem cell biology and congenital disease, as detailed in Box 2. Their observed roles in cancer progression and therapy resistance have led to ongoing pursuit of inhibitors tail

• br Histamine and glycaemia Histamine

  2022-05-23

  

  Histamine and glycaemia Histamine is involved in a wide variety of pathophysiological events mostly related to the inflammatory response through four receptors, namely H1-4Rs. The first studies of BMS 777607 and diabetes date back to the 1950s. Since that time the involvement of histamine in dia

• Decreased ratio of Treg TH is reported

  2022-05-21

  

  Decreased ratio of Treg/TH17 is reported to correlate with MS disease severity [63]. Treg (-)-Quinpirole hydrochloride are the major anti-inflammatory subset of T cells which suppress proinflammatory T-cells by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, as well as play a critica

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