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    • The results also revealed several effects of beliefs

    2018-10-24

    The results also revealed several effects of beliefs about preventive services, as well as personal history and characteristics, on responses to messages. Participants who perceived their risk of cancer as being lower than average (OR=2.06 CI=1.33, 3.19, p<0.001) were more likely to say that the messages in their condition (both PSA and Pap test) “grabbed their attention,” a measure of receptivity. The factor representing the understanding of the content of preventive services messages was associated with higher odds of seeking more information on the internet, (OR=1.39, CI=1.13, 1.70, p<0.001) intention to speak to a health professional (OR=2.06, CI=1.56, 2.72, p<0.001), as well as indication that messages in their condition grabbed their attention (OR=3.68, CI=2.89, 4.70, p<0.001). Finally, the factor of belief in the importance of preventive care was associated with higher odds of seeking more information on the internet (OR=1.24, CI=1.05, 1.45, p=.009) and lower odds of speaking to family and friends (OR=0.78, CI=0.66, 0.92, p=0.003) and of indicating messages in their condition grabbed their attention (OR=0.75, CI=0.63, 0.90, p<0.001). Note that for these logistic regression analyzes, the reference group is the gain frame message condition.
    Discussion The research findings presented here build upon the very limited evidence Sorafenib on messages to promote consumer understanding and adherence to clinical preventive services guidelines. As noted earlier, consumers are generally not well informed about the importance of evidence-based medical decision making in general, and clinical preventive services in particular (Lantz et al., 2016; Steinman et al., 2006). However, there is little prior research regarding how expert guidelines or recommendations are framed in health communications (Evans et al., 2009). The current research helps to shed light on two important areas of research interest: (1) developing, refining, testing, and evaluating patient-centered approaches for translating evidence-based care into health care practice in ways that account for individual patient preferences for various outcomes; and (2) identifying, testing, and/or evaluating methods that can be used to assess the patient perspective when researching behaviors, lifestyles, and choices within the patient’s control that may influence their outcomes (Lantz et al., 2016). This research also provides preliminary information to help craft effective communications regarding confusing and/or controversial guidelines for preventive behaviors that assist patients in considering “what are my options and what are the benefits and harms of those options?” While the controversial guidelines being considered in this particular research are about cancer screening, our findings are significant as they may apply to other types of USPSTF recommendations and patient decisions (Evans & McCormack, 2008). As noted earlier, while not an explicit message frame (Gallagher & Updegraff, 2012), message receptivity has been shown to be an important immediate effect of exposure to health messages that predicts future behavioral and related outcomes (Biener et al., 2000; Palmgreen et al., 2007; Evans et al., 2012). First, this study is consistent with previous message receptivity research, and finds that Fate map is associated with a range of effects on preventive services outcomes (Niederdeppe et al., 2007). Generally, higher receptivity and an increase in receptivity between baseline and follow up in our experiment were associated with greater intentions to seek more information about preventive services. Receptivity to message stimulates interest in knowing more about preventive services, which presumably would lead to more informed decision-making. This was true both with regard to specific PSA and Pap test messages. A natural conclusion is that messages need to be designed to maximize receptivity. The question is how best to accomplish this.